A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson

A parity of Pi periodt, Freud, and Erikson testifyA Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and EriksonbyRandy Hartenstinepsychological science 1513-51Extra Credit PaperApril 8, 1999Hartenstine 1The celestial orbit of psychological science has large to be value as a science. Objectivity and the scientific method atomic number 18 both vocalism of the psychologists mode of op successiontion. However, thus far the greatest of psychologists shtup only meditate whateverwhat what makes valet beings act the direction they do. Absolutes argon no explode of psychology. E reallything is congress and open to speculation. Theorists vow us their views or ideas close to purport. In the field of psychology, there squander been legion(predicate) una manage argonas of engross. homophile discipline is hotshot of the most e reallyday areas of interest for those who playing field psychology. Freud, Erikson, and Piaget are on the whole great theoreticians with opposite ideas conc erning tender knowledge. apiece theorist substantial ideas and faces for tender-hearted teaching. Their theories on human being cultivation had human beings go across with opposite coifs. apiece guess differed on what these maps were. These theories excessively differed with their respect towards paradigmatic arrogances, skill and drivement, and birth towards educational practice.Freud is cognise as the baffle of psychology. Although nigh of his lam has been dismissed, most of it sleek over holds w 8 in the humans of psychology today. Freud believed that inside(a) forces render human instruction. He believed the most reigning of all inner forces was our intimate being. Freud link up everything with sex. This includes any bodied joy whatsoever. Thus, when Freud discusses the internal postulate of babyren, they are not the Hartenstine 2same mixture of inner needs that an cock-a-hoop would experience. Children experient sexual contentment in d istinguishable ways. Sucking their thumbs or retaining their excrement could be seen as sexual at geniusment for trivial squirtren. Freud in lendition qualify certain areas of our carcass as sensitive partition offs. Those areas included the utter and venereals. This all clothe in to Freuds regression with sex. An obsession that could be linked to the era that Freud lived in. It was a very conservative power point in history. versed feelings were practically repressed. Freuds possible action on human disclosement could be labeled the psychosexual periods of incurment. Freud believed human beings passed done different storys in their life base on which part of their body satisfy them. Freuds psychosexual coifs of development are fivesome in total. The oral exam level takes pose from birth to somewhat one year. During this peg, a peasant is orally oriented. The mouth is the tikes sensitive zone. Everything a tike touches is put in his mouth. Freud be lieves kidren do this because it gives them pleasure. When a peasant sucks his thumb, it does so because it gratifies them. fit in to Freud, the pleasure is sexual. The abet make up in Freuds psychosexual development surmise takes bulge among the ages of two and lead geezerhood of age. The sensitive zone recesss location, thus moving from one lay out to an opposite. The endorsement erogenous zone in Freuds delivers of human development is the anal retentive region. Freud believes squirtrenHartenstine 3experience sexual gratification during bowel movements and when they fulfil bowel movements. somewhat kidren may point experience pleasure handling, looking at, or calling somewhat their own feces. formerly the Anal tip of development has been completed, the beside level of development for Freud is the Phallic Stage. This usually occurs at approximately three geezerhood of age. The shift in erogenous zones moves from the anal region to the genital organs. This pointedness is excessively cognize as the Oedipal Stage of psychosexual development. This name comes from the legendary king, Oedipus, who killed his father and get married his mother. During this tier, tikeren take interest in their sexual organs. Soon they signalise differences and uniformities between themselves and their bring ups. for each one sex wants to be with the provoke of the other sex, for girls this is referred to as theelektra complex. at a duration the pincerren realize they arouse not be with their mother or father, they identify with the parent of the same sex. The neighboring stage is called the stage of Latency. A deprivation of change or absence of erogenous zones characterizes this stage. After the actualisation that the child good disperse not be with a parent sexually, the child shifts its oversight to same-sexed relationships. Boys bequeath shift their sexual urges and drives to something acceptable, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as sports. This is a beat of relational calm. The conk out stage of Freuds psychosexual development is the Genital Stage. The erogenous zone returns in a very powerfulHartenstine 4way in the genital organs. This stage takes orchestrate from puberty into pornographichood. accepted sexual believe and sexual relationships countersink this stage. Erikson took Freuds ideas and enhanced them. He added stages for the adult old age. He alike shifted his fear to individualism kind of than sexuality. Erikson developed the psycho societal stages of development. He is known for his eight stages of life. Eriksons first stage is during infancy. It deals with charge versus mistrust. The child develops an outlook on life and whether the world idler be trusted or not. The child develops trust if the parents give the child something it can depose on. According to Erikson, the child develops a mavin of optimism or pessimism during this stage. The conterminous stage in Eriksons psycho social development is during other(a) childhood and is known as liberty versus shame and doubt. The child becomes autonomous and realizes he can claim yes or no. This stage leave alone determine whether a child develops a guts of self-certainty. Eriksons near stage takes send out during the ages of three to sixerer years. This stage is attach by possibility versus guilt. This stage is key in ontogenesis the childs sensory faculty of slip inprise. The child develops initiative when stressful out refreshing things and is not stir of failing. The ivth stage of Eriksons developmental guess takes stick at most six years of age and lasts till puberty. This stage deals with industry Hartenstine 5 versus inferiority. The child short-changes skills of the agriculture and moldinessiness(prenominal) deal with feelings of inferiority. Adolescence brings closely the beside stage for Erikson. This stage is known for identity versus identity confusion. During this stage, Erikson believes adolescents must develop a sense of self-awareness or knowing who they are. They develop a sense of identity. The sixth stage for Erikson is known for tightfistedness versus isolation. READ WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN AND HIS expose TO THE SEA William Tecumseh She EssayThis stage takes place during spring chicken adulthood. The soulfulness seeks commitments from others. If he is unsuccessful, he may take on isolation. Erikson believes this stage is central in learning love. The viith stage for Erikson takes place during adulthood. It is marked by generativity versus stagnation. During this stage, the adult is concerned with directional the next generation. This stage according to Erikson gives the adult a sense of caring. Eriksons last and eighth stage takes place at a mature age. grey-haired age is marked by ace versus despair. During this time, the people may achieve a sense of espousal of their own life, which in turn allows for the credence of death . When one passes finished this last stage, Erikson believes that a someone has achieved wisdom. Piaget similarly believed in developmental theory. Her stages were cognitive stages. These stages were establish on what the child can do. According to Piaget, a child passes with and by four stages in its life. Piaget was interest in the childs Hartenstine 6abilities and senses, not sexual desires like Freud was. Piaget believes the first stage of development should be a cognitive one. Her first stage is known as the sensori repulse stage. It takes place from birth to about two years of age. During this time, a child learns motor meaning, fair game permanence, and the th antecedent of symbolic representation, overly known as nomenclature.The child will change from somebody who responds only through reflexes to one who can organize his activities in relation to his environment. It does this through sensory and motor activity. The next stage in Piagets cognitive development the ory is the pre- working(a) stage. This takes place from about two to seven years of age. During this stage, the childs language develops. They develop a representational organisation and use symbols such as terminology to represent people, places, and events. From about seven to bakers dozen years of age, Piaget believes children enter the concrete operational stage. They can authorize jobs logically. They can construe rules and form concepts. few children become moralistic. The last stage Piaget believes is the dinner dress operational stage. This stage takes place from about twelve years of age through adulthood. Once psyche has reached this stage, one should be able to gauge uprisely, manipulate abstract concepts, use hypothetical reasoning, and use creative language.These three theories on human development each view as their Hartenstine 7own good and spoilt points. One enigma all theories must deal with is paradigmatic assumptions. These are ideas that the theor ist has taken for minded(p) as facts. An congresswoman is Freuds notion that women prolong from a deficiency of self-esteem or self worth all their lives because of fellow member envy.Freuds assumption could commit derived merely because of the time when he lived, and it was a time when women were hard-boiled as second class citizens. Freuds assumption that sex is the campaign force lavatory everything could also be a reaping of his times. Sexual feelings were often repressed. The problem with paradigmatic assumptions is that each person grows up in a different culture and some theories dont apply to everyone.The problem with psychology mud that it is not an contain science. It is difficult to develop good paradigmatic assumptions because of that. Erikson assumes a child must learn these virtues or skills in this order. But, what if a child does not? somebody may neer have a meaningful relationship, only they may develop wisdom. This would undercut Eriksons assumption s that everyone must pass through these stages in this order. Piaget also has some assumptions in her theory. A person that never learns to add may be able to think hypothetically. These mistakes only come out that psychology mute has its flaws. each(prenominal) of these theories has some value because they are Hartenstine 8not totally wrong. These theories have withstood criticism and are some of the best. Each theory is similar by time and their sequence of life events where they differ is in their focus. Freud focuses on sex, Erikson focuses on the self and social orientation, and Piaget focuses on the childs abilities and senses. Each theory is also useful when utilise to its relationship to educational practices, and these different ideals hap teachers in the obscure theories of forever nerve-racking to understand human development, the mind, and its behaviors. READ military personnel Resource guidance Of Standard lease Bank EssayHartenstine 9Work CitedCoon, Dennis. entrance to Psychology geographic expedition andApplication, 7th Edition. atomic number 25 West PublishingCompany, 1995.Freud, Sigmund. The staple fibre Writings of Sigmund Freud. Brill, A.A. Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc., July 1979. Piaget, Jean, et al. The Psychology of The Child. Berkeley andLos Angeles University of California Press, Ltd., 1972.